http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&feed=atom&action=historySubmissions:Context Slices - Revision history2024-03-29T13:17:51ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.13.2http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&diff=10228&oldid=prevChrisWelty at 20:32, 3 October 20102010-10-03T20:32:46Z<p></p>
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</table>ChrisWeltyhttp://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&diff=10227&oldid=prevChrisWelty at 20:32, 3 October 20102010-10-03T20:32:09Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It has been suggestion in [[Reviews:ValentinaPresutti_about_Context_Slices]] that this may be a specialization of [[Submissions:DescriptionAndSituation]]. The DandS pattern is described in a bit of distributed way across four or so patterns, lacks an example, and uses terms like "description" and "concept" in an unfamiliar way, so I am unable to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">confirm this</del>. The main objective of the CS pattern is to form projections of the objects into the contexts, not the relations, which is I think what DandS does.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>It has been suggestion in [[Reviews:ValentinaPresutti_about_Context_Slices]] that this may be a specialization of [[Submissions:DescriptionAndSituation]]. The DandS pattern is described in a bit of distributed way across four or so patterns, lacks an example, and uses terms like "description" and "concept" in an unfamiliar way, so I am unable to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">understand it</ins>. The main objective of the CS pattern is to form projections of the objects into the contexts, not the relations, which is I think what DandS does.</div></td></tr>
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</table>ChrisWeltyhttp://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&diff=10226&oldid=prevChrisWelty at 20:30, 3 October 20102010-10-03T20:30:54Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Welty, Chris and Richard E. Fikes. 2006. A Reusable Ontology for Fluents in OWL. In Bennet and Fellbaum, eds., ''Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems''. IOS Press. See</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Welty, Chris and Richard E. Fikes. 2006. A Reusable Ontology for Fluents in OWL. In Bennet and Fellbaum, eds., ''Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems''. IOS Press. See</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It has been suggestion in [[Reviews:ValentinaPresutti_about_Context_Slices]] that this may be a specialization of [[Submissions:DescriptionAndSituation]]. The DandS pattern is described in a bit of distributed way across four or so patterns, lacks an example, and uses terms like "description" and "concept" in an unfamiliar way, so I am unable to confirm this. The main objective of the CS pattern is to form projections of the objects into the contexts, not the relations, which is I think what DandS does.</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>ChrisWeltyhttp://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&diff=10225&oldid=prevChrisWelty at 20:16, 3 October 20102010-10-03T20:16:54Z<p></p>
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</table>ChrisWeltyhttp://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&diff=10224&oldid=prevChrisWelty at 20:09, 3 October 20102010-10-03T20:09:44Z<p></p>
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</table>ChrisWeltyhttp://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&diff=10223&oldid=prevChrisWelty at 20:08, 3 October 20102010-10-03T20:08:45Z<p></p>
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</table>ChrisWeltyhttp://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&diff=10222&oldid=prevChrisWelty at 20:04, 3 October 20102010-10-03T20:04:48Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>This allows us to represent ceoOf as a binary relation, which seems more natural, and it allows us to use the expressivity of OWL in more ways. We can say of the ceoOf relation that it has an inverse, hasCeo. We can express cardinality, e.g. a company may have only one CEO within a context. We can say that a relation is transitive or symmetric. We can express relation taxonomies in the usual way. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>This allows us to represent ceoOf as a binary relation, which seems more natural, and it allows us to use the expressivity of OWL in more ways. We can say of the ceoOf relation that it has an inverse, hasCeo. We can express cardinality, e.g. a company may have only one CEO within a context. We can say that a relation is transitive or symmetric. We can express relation taxonomies in the usual way. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>While clearly OWL does not support RDF reification, and so none of this is possible if statement reification is used, as mentioned above a more standard way of representing this kind of information (including time, belief, knowledge, etc.) is to create an OWL class that represents the relation holding, with properties for the arguments. This approach makes it possible to express global but not local range and domain constraints, global but not local cardinality, and symmetry.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>While clearly OWL does not support RDF reification, and so none of this is possible if statement reification is used, as mentioned above a more standard way of representing this kind of information (including time, belief, knowledge, etc.) is to create an OWL class that represents the relation holding, with properties for the arguments. This approach makes it possible to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins>express global but not local range and domain constraints, global but not local cardinality, and symmetry<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Note that the ContextualProjection class should be considered disjoint with any of the classes in an ontology that have projections</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Elements=As shown in the diagram, the pattern uses two predefined classes, cs:ContextualProjection and cs:Context. It uses two predefined properties, cs:projectionOf (ContextualProjection x TOP), and cs:hasContext (cs:ContextualProjection x cs:Context). Properties that hold in a context can extend the property cs:contextualProperty.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Elements=As shown in the diagram, the pattern uses two predefined classes, cs:ContextualProjection and cs:Context. It uses two predefined properties, cs:projectionOf (ContextualProjection x TOP), and cs:hasContext (cs:ContextualProjection x cs:Context). Properties that hold in a context can extend the property cs:contextualProperty.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Implementation=In OWL functional syntax:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Implementation=In OWL functional syntax:</div></td></tr>
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</table>ChrisWeltyhttp://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&diff=10221&oldid=prevChrisWelty at 20:00, 3 October 20102010-10-03T20:00:36Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>This is a generaliztion of the four dimensional ontology for fluents published in [Welty & Fikes, 2006].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>This is a generaliztion of the four dimensional ontology for fluents published in [Welty & Fikes, 2006].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Aim=To encode that a binary relation holds in a context.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Aim=To encode that a binary relation holds in a context.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Solution=As shown in the example, the idea of the context slices pattern is, rather than reifying the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">obtainment </del>itself, to create a projection of the ''relation arguments'' in each context for which some binary relation holds between them. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Solution=As shown in the example, the idea of the context slices pattern is, rather than reifying the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">statement </ins>itself, to create a projection of the ''relation arguments'' in each context for which some binary relation holds between them. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Take for example the statement "Chris believes Sam is CEO of IBM". Say we already have nodes in some graph representing Sam and IBM. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Take for example the statement "Chris believes Sam is CEO of IBM". Say we already have nodes in some graph representing Sam and IBM. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>We create, as shown in the diagram, the context c1 corresponding to Chris' belief, and two nodes representing Chris' belief about Sam and Chris' belief about IBM (shown as Sam@c1 and IBM@c1). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>We create, as shown in the diagram, the context c1 corresponding to Chris' belief, and two nodes representing Chris' belief about Sam and Chris' belief about IBM (shown as Sam@c1 and IBM@c1). </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>This allows us to represent ceoOf as a binary relation, which seems more natural, and it allows us to use the expressivity of OWL in more ways. We can say of the ceoOf relation that it has an inverse, hasCeo. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In contrast</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the reified obtainment approach has no "directionality" </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">relations, but rather represents the "roles" played by the arguments as binary relations to </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">obtainment</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>This allows us to represent ceoOf as a binary relation, which seems more natural, and it allows us to use the expressivity of OWL in more ways. We can say of the ceoOf relation that it has an inverse, hasCeo. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We can express cardinality</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">e.g. a company may have only one CEO within a context. We can say that a relation is transitive or symmetric. We can express relation taxonomies </ins>in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">usual way</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We can express cardinality</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">e.g. </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">company may have only one CEO within a context</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This axiom cannot be expressed in </del>OWL <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for reified obtainments.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">While clearly OWL does not support RDF reification</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and so none of this is possible if statement reification is used, as mentioned above </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">more standard way of representing this kind of information (including time, belief, knowledge, etc</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">) is to create an </ins>OWL <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">class </ins>that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">represents the </ins>relation <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">holding, with properties </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </ins>arguments. This <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">approach makes </ins>it possible <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to express global but not local range and domain constraints, global but not local cardinality, and symmetry</ins>.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We can say </del>that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </del>relation <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is transitive or symmetric. Symmetry can be expressed in reified obtainments by using a single role </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">both </del>arguments<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, but not transitivity.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We can express relation taxonomies in the usual way</del>. This <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is tricky to do using reified obtainments, though </del>it <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is </del>possible.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Elements=As shown in the diagram, the pattern uses two predefined classes, cs:ContextualProjection and cs:Context. It uses two predefined properties, cs:projectionOf (ContextualProjection x TOP), and cs:hasContext (cs:ContextualProjection x cs:Context). Properties that hold in a context can extend the property cs:contextualProperty.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Elements=As shown in the diagram, the pattern uses two predefined classes, cs:ContextualProjection and cs:Context. It uses two predefined properties, cs:projectionOf (ContextualProjection x TOP), and cs:hasContext (cs:ContextualProjection x cs:Context). Properties that hold in a context can extend the property cs:contextualProperty.</div></td></tr>
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</table>ChrisWeltyhttp://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&diff=10220&oldid=prevChrisWelty at 19:58, 3 October 20102010-10-03T19:58:53Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Motivation=Most information on the web is contextualized somehow, for example information may be believed by a person or organization, it may hold only for some time period, it may have been reported/observed by an individual, etc. There are myriad proposals and logics for context, but none are standards and few have even prototype implementations. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|Motivation=Most information on the web is contextualized somehow, for example information may be believed by a person or organization, it may hold only for some time period, it may have been reported/observed by an individual, etc. There are myriad proposals and logics for context, but none are standards and few have even prototype implementations. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In RDF and other binary relation languages (like object oriented languages and description logics), one typical way to represent that a binary relation holds in some context is to "reify" the relation-holding <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(sometimes called obtainment) </del>in the context as an <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">object </del>with a binary <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">relation between </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">obtainment </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">each the two relation arguments </del>and a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">third </del>binary relation <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">between </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">obtainment and an </del>object representing the context itself. The downside to this approach is the expressive ability of the language to describe the binary relation, especially in the case of description logics, is lost.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In RDF and other binary relation languages (like object oriented languages and description logics), one typical way to represent that a binary relation holds in some context is to "reify" the relation-holding in the context as an <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">node </ins>with a binary <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">relations for </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">subject, object, </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">property, </ins>and a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fourth </ins>binary relation <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to </ins>the object representing the context itself. The downside to this approach is the expressive ability of the language to describe the binary relation, especially in the case of description logics, is lost<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. For example, the ancestor relation is transitive. OWL allows one to express transitivity of a binary relation, but this expressiveness is lost if the statements of the relation are reified. The same would be true for symmetry, reflexivity, etc. One can get the effect of cardinality and range/domain restrictions by reifying a relation as an OWL class (instead of using RDF reification), with properties for the ''roles'' (as in the n-ary relations W3C note), but not transitivity etc</ins>.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The motivation for context slices is to provide a logical pattern for encoding context information in standard RDF graphs that allows some of the expressiveness of OWL to be used in describing the relations that hold in contexts.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The motivation for context slices is to provide a logical pattern for encoding context information in standard RDF graphs that allows some of the expressiveness of OWL to be used in describing the relations that hold in contexts.</div></td></tr>
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</table>ChrisWeltyhttp://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/index.php?title=Submissions:Context_Slices&diff=10119&oldid=prevValentinaPresutti: Review has been created. Annotation 'assigned' has been removed. Annotation 'waiting' has been removed.2010-09-16T20:57:58Z<p>Review has been created. Annotation 'assigned' has been removed. Annotation 'waiting' has been removed.</p>
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