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Last modified date is: 2009-10-07

General information

Name	NegativePropertyAssertions
Also known as
Author(s)
SubmittedBy	OlafNoppens

Description

Motivation	The motivation of this pattern is to model negative property assertions (NPAs) in ontology languages such as OWL 1 [1] that do not provide a special constructor for expressing it. It is worth mentioning that not all knowledge base systems can be migrated to OWL 2 [2] for several reasons. On the other hand, NPAs modeled according to this pattern can be migrated to OWL 2 using the newly introduced constructor. A negative property assertion as defined in the upcoming OWL 2 states that a given individual i is never connected to a given individual j by a given property expression P. In other words, asserting that i is connected to j by P results in an inconsistent ontology. In this sense this assertion can be considered as a constraint that should not be violated. In contrast, considering an ontology where it cannot be inferred that i is connected to j by P does not necessarily mean that there cannot be such a connection - in fact, it is merely not modeled. [1] Patel-Schneider, P.F., Hayes, P., Horrocks, I.: OWL Web Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax, W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004. [2] Motik, B., Patel-Schneider, P.F., Parsia, B.: OWL 2 Structural Speciﬁcation and Functional-Style Syntax. W3C Candidate Recommendation 11 June 2009, 2009.
Aim	Expressing NPAs in ontologies prior to OWL 2 as well as given an transformation rule when using OWL 2.
Solution description	NegativeObjectPropertyAssertion(i1 prop i2) is equivalent to: SubClassOf(ObjectOneOf(i1), ObjectComplementOf(ObjectSomeValuesFrom(prop, ObjectOneOf(i2)))))
Elements	Individiual i1 Individual i2 ObjectProperty prop
Implementation
Reusable component
Component type

Example

Problem example
Pattern solution example
Consequences

Pattern reference

Origin
Known use
Reference
Related ODP
Used in combination with
Test

Scenarios

Scenarios about NegativePropertyAssertions

No scenario is added to this Content OP.

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Other info at evaluation tab

	Submission to event WOP2009:Main

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-|Motivation=Prior to OWL 2 negative property assertions (NPA) are difficult to model and, if it they are contained in an ontology, difficult to understand by humans. On the other side, using OWL 2 one can transform these ''helping'' axioms modeling NPAs into OWL2 NPA axiom.
+|Motivation=The motivation of this pattern is to model ''negative property assertions'' (NPAs) in ontology languages such as OWL 1 [1] that do not provide a special constructor for expressing it. It is worth mentioning that not all knowledge base systems can be migrated to OWL 2 [2] for several reasons. On the other hand, NPAs modeled according to this pattern can be migrated to OWL 2 using the newly introduced constructor.
+A negative property assertion as defined in the upcoming OWL 2 states that a given individual ''i'' is never connected to a given individual ''j'' by a given property expression ''P''. In other words, asserting that ''i'' is connected to ''j'' by ''P'' results in an inconsistent ontology. In this sense this assertion can be considered as a constraint that should not be violated. In contrast, considering an ontology where it cannot be inferred that ''i'' is connected to ''j'' by ''P'' does not necessarily mean that there cannot be such a connection - in fact, it is merely not modeled.
-This pattern describe NPA for ontologies not containing explicit NPA axioms as syntactical sugars and allows for transforming axioms into OWL NPA axioms.
+[1] Patel-Schneider, P.F., Hayes, P., Horrocks, I.: OWL Web Ontology Language
+Semantics and Abstract Syntax, W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004.
+[2] Motik, B., Patel-Schneider, P.F., Parsia, B.: OWL 2 Structural Speciﬁcation and Functional-Style Syntax. W3C Candidate Recommendation 11 June 2009, 2009.
 |Aim=Expressing NPAs in ontologies prior to OWL 2 as well as given an transformation rule when using OWL 2.
 |Solution=NegativeObjectPropertyAssertion(i1 prop i2) is equivalent to:
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