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| Advanced Ontology Engineering at FOI - 2011/Ontology Design Patterns + | Use the wiki pages of Content ODPs to find … Use the wiki pages of Content ODPs to find at least one ODP that solves the problem of each of the requirements below (see the "Task" section below). For each ODP you select, document ''why'' you think this is a good solution, and describe briefly ''how'' you would reuse (i.e. specialize) the ODP for your specific case. pecialize) the ODP for your specific case. |
| Advanced Ontology Engineering at FOI - 2011/Ontology Testing + | The task of the exercise is presented at the [[Training:Advanced_Ontology_Engineering_at_FOI_-_2011/Ontology_Testing#Tasks | bottom of this page]]. First, read through the instructions below. |
| Advanced Ontology Engineering at FOI - 2011/Reengineering + | Exercise on reengineering DBs to OWL/RDF. |
| Advanced Ontology Engineering at FOI - 2011/Requirements Engineering + | * '''Context:''' An online music database … * '''Context:''' An online music database wishes to semantically represent their data about musicians, albums, and performances, in order to be able to provide better search functions to their users, i.e. by querying the knowledge base instead of using keyword queries. * '''User interface:''' **Search for songs and who has recorded/played a song **Search for artists and bands and get information about them **Visualize timeline of a band **Browse genres of songs, band and artists * '''Take the following text and try to derive requirements from it (CQs + contextual statements & reasoning requirements):''' The current configuration of the “Red Hot Chili Peppers” are: Anthony Kiedis (vocals), Flea (bass, trumpet, keyboards, and vocals), John Frusciante (guitar), and Chad Smith (drums). The line-up has changed a few times during they years, Frusciante replaced Hillel Slovak in 1988, and when Jack Irons left the band he was briefly replaced by D.H. Peligo until the band found Chad Smith. In addition to playing guitars for Red hot Chili Peppers Frusciante also contributed to the band “The Mars Volta” as a vocalist for some time. Red Hot Chili Peppers released the album “Stadium Arcadium” in 2006. It includes the song “Hump de Bump”, which was composed in January 2004. “Hump de Bump” is a punk rock song, but the band is also playing alternative rock, and hip hop on some records. The critic Crian Hiatt defined the album as "the most ambitious work in his twenty-three-year career". ous work in his twenty-three-year career". |
| Advanced Ontology Engineering at FOI - 2011/XD mini-project + | A mini-project applying the XD methodology: See description in FOI-internal wiki. The annotation schema that all ODPs import: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl |
| Autumn 2009 - ODPs@UPM/Homework exercise - modelling theater productions + | '''Context''' The national association fo … '''Context''' The national association for promotion of theater in Italy wants to set up a web-based system for keeping track of details about theater productions and the actors at different theaters. In order to support reasoning about the productions, the system should be based on an ontology. Below are some typical situations that should be representable in the ontology, and requirements in the form of competency questions and contextual statements. '''Story: theater productions''' During each year a number of theatre festivals are held in cities around Italy. In January 2007 a festival called “Roma Loves Shakespeare” took place in Rome. Two different productions of “The Merchant of Venice” participated, one from a theatre in Pisa and the other from a theatre institute in Venice, featuring an ensemble of university art students. Other plays were Othello and a Midsummer Night’s Dream. The Grand Theatre in Rome offers two theatre shows each evening during September and October 2009. The play set up in this period is the "Merchant of Venice",given through an ensemble of well-known Italian actors. The Merchant of Venice was written during 1596 to 1598 by William Shakespeare, and it has 5 distinct acts. The premier of this production at The Grand Theatre was on September 7. Il Gazzettino gave the setup of the play 5 stars in a recent review. Fabio Bianchi is an Italian actor employed at the theatre since May 2004, he is a part of the ensemble setting up the Merchant of Venice and he plays the Duke of Venice but also a servant in one of the scenes. During the second and third week of September the role of Shylock is played by Arnold Schwarzenegger as a special guest actor. '''Competency questions (CQs) and contextual statements of theater production''' # When did a certain theatre festival take place? # Where did a certain festival take place? # What plays could be seen during a certain theatre festival? # In what city is a certain theatre located? # In what country is a certain city located? # What play is the basis of this production? # Who are the members of a certain ensemble during a certain time? # What plays did a certain author write? # During what time period was a certain play written? # How many acts does a particular play contain? # When was the premier of a certain production? # What is the “star rating” given by a certain newspaper for a certain production? # At what time did a certain actor start working for a specific theatre? # What roles does a certain person have within a certain production during a certain time? Contextual statement: # A production has exactly one premier. '''Reminder...''' The XD method: # Task 1 – familiarize with the domain and task # Task 2 – Collect requirements stories # Task 3 – Select a story # Task 4 – Transform the story into CQs # '''Task 5 – Select a CQ # '''Task 6 – match CQs to GUCs of CPs # '''Task 7 – Select the CPs to reuse # '''Task 8 – Reuse and integrate selected CPs #* '''Specialize #* '''Import #* '''Extend #* '''Integrate # '''Task 9 - Test and fix # '''Task 10 – Release module # '''Task 11 – Integrate, test and fix # '''Task 12 – Release new version of the ontology''' 2 – Release new version of the ontology''' |
| Autumn 2009 - PhD course Jönköping/Creating CQs and SPARQL queries + | Transform the following text into a set of … Transform the following text into a set of CQs and create a set of SPARQL queries to test the module that implements the CQs. # The current configuration of the “Red Hot Chili Peppers” are: Anthony Kiedis (vocals), Flea (bass, trumpet, keyboards, and vocals), John Frusciante (guitar), and Chad Smith (drums). The line-up has changed a few times during they years, Frusciante replaced Hillel Slovak in 1988, and when Jack Irons left the band he was briefly replaced by D.H. Peligo until the band found Chad Smith. In addition to playing guitars for Red hot Chili Peppers Frusciante also contributed to the band “The Mars Volta” as a vocalist for some time. # From September 2004, the Red Hot Chili Peppers started recording the album “Stadium Arcadium”. The album contains 28 tracks and was released on May 5 2006. It includes a track of the song “Hump de Bump”, which was composed in January 26, 2004. # The critic Crian Hiatt defined the album as "the most ambitious work in his twenty-three-year career". On August 11 (2006) the band gave a live performance in Portland, Oregon (US), featuring songs from Stadium Arcadium. S), featuring songs from Stadium Arcadium. |
| Autumn 2009 - PhD course Jönköping/Mini-project 1: Hospital employees + | Modelling exercise done in pairs. '''Cont … Modelling exercise done in pairs. '''Context''' A European federation of unions in the medial care field wants to track the activities and members of union groups at hospitals in different European countries. One particular use case is to be able to study what kind of medical research is going on at the different hospitals, and how the nurses and doctors with different backgrounds update their knowledge and continue to learn while practicing at the hospital. Below is an example of what they typically would like to store, and at the bottom you find the comeptency questions developed as requirements for the ontology. '''Story: unions and medical research''' Pasquale Di Gennaro first studied to become a nursing assistant, but after working some years he decided to continue studying to become a certified nurse. He took his degree in May 2001. On September 21 (2001) he was employed at Ospedale Riunito delle Tre Valli in the city of Nocera Inferiore (IT). In the hospital there are different unions organising the staff. Pasquale Di Gennaro has been the union representative for male nurses at Ospedale Riunito delle Tre Valli from 2002. Senior doctors regularly evaluate all employees working with patient care, and these written statements are stored for future reference. To constantly update their knowledge both nurses and doctors read research articles that can be found in article collections at the hospital library. Article collections are usually available both as books and electronically on CDs. In 2008 an article collection entitled “Nurse practices in cancer patient care – longitudinal studies at Italian hospitals” was published as a book. The book contains an article by Pasquale Di Gennaro, entitled “A 5 year-program for improving cancer care – experiences and future directions”. In total the book version of this collection has 346 pages. For discussing new articles Italian hospitals regularly hold seminars where a number of articles are presented. In December 2008 such a seminar was held in Nocera Inferiore at Ospedale Riunito delle Tre Valli. '''Competency questions (CQs) and contextual statements of unions and medical research''' # What medical degrees does a certain person have? # During what time period did a certain person study for a specific degree? # When was a certain person first employed at a certain hospital? # In what city is a certain hospital located? # In what country is a certain city located? # Who are the members of a certain union at a certain point in time? # What role does a certain person have within a certain union group at a certain point in time? # What is the evaluation statement given by a certain doctor for a certain employee? # What articles is a specific book or CD composed of? # How many pages does a particular book contain? # When was a certain book or CD published? # When did a certain seminar take place? # What articles were presented in a certain seminar? # Where did a certain seminar take place? Contextual statement: # At least one article is always presented at each seminar. ticle is always presented at each seminar. |
| Autumn 2009 - PhD course Jönköping/Mini-project 2: Theater productions + | Modelling exercise done in pairs. '''Con … Modelling exercise done in pairs. '''Context''' The national association for promotion of theater in Italy wants to set up a web-based system for keeping track of details about theater productions and the actors at different theaters. In order to support reasoning about the productions, the system should be based on an ontology. Below are some typical situations that should be representable in the ontology, and requirements in the form of competency questions and contextual statements. '''Story: theater productions''' During each year a number of theatre festivals are held in cities around Italy. In January 2007 a festival called “Roma Loves Shakespeare” took place in Rome. Two different productions of “The Merchant of Venice” participated, one from a theatre in Pisa and the other from a theatre institute in Venice, featuring an ensemble of university art students. Other plays were Othello and a Midsummer Night’s Dream. The Grand Theatre in Rome offers two theatre shows each evening during September and October 2009. The play set up in this period is the "Merchant of Venice",given through an ensemble of well-known Italian actors. The Merchant of Venice was written during 1596 to 1598 by William Shakespeare, and it has 5 distinct acts. The premier of this production at The Grand Theatre was on September 7. Il Gazzettino gave the setup of the play 5 stars in a recent review. Fabio Bianchi is an Italian actor employed at the theatre since May 2004, he is a part of the ensemble setting up the Merchant of Venice and he plays the Duke of Venice but also a servant in one of the scenes. During the second and third week of September the role of Shylock is played by Arnold Schwarzenegger as a special guest actor. '''Competency questions (CQs) and contextual statements of theater production''' # When did a certain theatre festival take place? # Where did a certain festival take place? # What plays could be seen during a certain theatre festival? # In what city is a certain theatre located? # In what country is a certain city located? # What play is the basis of this production? # Who are the members of a certain ensemble at a certain point in time? # What plays did a certain author write? # During what time period was a certain play written? # How many acts does a particular play contain? # When was the premier of a certain production? # What is the “star rating” given by a certain newspaper for a certain production? # At what time did a certain actor start working for a specific theatre? # What roles does a certain person have within a certain production at a certain point in time? Contextual statement: # A production has exactly one premier. '''Reminder...''' The XD method: # Task 1 – familiarize with the domain and task # Task 2 – Collect requirements stories # Task 3 – Select a story # Task 4 – Transform the story into CQs # '''Task 5 – Select a CQ # '''Task 6 – match CQs to GUCs of CPs # '''Task 7 – Select the CPs to reuse # '''Task 8 – Reuse and integrate selected CPs #* '''Specialize #* '''Import #* '''Extend #* '''Integrate # '''Task 9 - Test and fix # '''Task 10 – Release module # '''Task 11 – Integrate, test and fix # '''Task 12 – Release new version of the ontology''' 2 – Release new version of the ontology''' |
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| ContentPatterns@SSSW/MusicIndustryExercise + | To model one of the following sentences by … To model one of the following sentences by reusing content patterns. Each sentence is associated to a set of compentency questions: * '''s1''': The “Red Hot Chili Peppers” are: Anthony Kiedis (vocals), Flea (bass, trumpet, keyboards, and vocals), John Frusciante (guitar), and Chad Smith (drums). * '''instance-free s1''': # Band members are persons # A person has a role # A person can play an instrument * '''s1 competency questions''' ** '''cq1''': Who are the members of a band? ** '''cq2''': Which band a certain person is a member of? ** '''cq3''': What roles has a certain person? ** '''cq4''': Who has a certain role? ** '''cq5''': What instruments can play a certain person? ** '''cq6''': Who can play a certain instrument? * '''s2''': During 2005, the band recorded the album “Stadium Arcadium”. * '''instance-free s2''': # Members of a band record an album at a certain time interval * '''s2 competency questions''' ** '''cq7''': When has been recorded a certain album? ** '''cq8''': Who is involved in the recording of a certain album? * '''s3''': The album contains 28 tracks, and has been released in May 2006. * '''instance-free s3''': # A recorded album contains tracks and is released at a certain time interval. * '''s3 competency questions''' ** '''cq9''': When was a certain album released? ** '''cq10''': What albums have been released at a certain time interval? ** '''cq11''': What tracks are included in a certain album? ** '''cq12''': What albums a certain track is contained in? ** '''cq13''': What tracks were produced for albums recorded at a certain time interval? * '''s4''': It includes the track of the song “Hump de Bump”, which was composed in January 2004. * '''instance-free s4''': # Songs are composed at a certain time and recorded as tracks at a certain time. * '''s4 competency questions''' ** '''cq14''': What tracks are the recording of a certain song? ** '''cq15''': When was a song composed? ** '''cq16''': When was a track recorded? ** '''cq17''': When was a song recorded as a track? * '''s5''': The critic Crian Hiatt defines the album as "the most ambitious work in his twenty-three-year career". * '''instance-free s5''': # A critique by a Person about an album has a text. * '''s5 competency questions''' ** '''cq17''': Who did express a critique about a certain album? ** '''cq18''': What albums did review a certain critic? ** '''cq19''': What does a certain critic say about a certain album? certain critic say about a certain album? |
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| ESWC2010 Tutorial 2 - Extreme Design (XD): Pattern-based Ontology Design/Creating CQs (and exercising SPARQL syntax) + | The first steps of the iteration of a desi … The first steps of the iteration of a design pair in XD deals with requirements engineering, i.e. creating the CQs. In this small exercise we will create some CQs based on a story. The context introduces the setting of the ontology development project that you should assume to be working on. In a real project, you would then agree on the CQs and contextual statement with the customer before proceeding. Your task now is to create a set of CQs covering the small story! If you have time left, try to imagine how you would model a specific CQ and write a SPARQL query that could be used on the model to test if you fulfill that CQ or not. What is the query and what should the expected result be? '''Context''' An online music database wishes to semantically represent their data about musicians, albums, and performances, in order to be able to provide better search functions to their users, i.e. by querying the knowledge base instead of using keyword queries. Below is an example of what they typically would like to store, and at the bottom you find the competency questions developed as requirements for the ontology. '''Story: music and bands''' The current configuration of the “Red Hot Chili Peppers” are: Anthony Kiedis (vocals), Flea (bass, trumpet, keyboards, and vocals), John Frusciante (guitar), and Chad Smith (drums). The line-up has changed a few times during they years, Frusciante replaced Hillel Slovak in 1988, and when Jack Irons left the band he was briefly replaced by D.H. Peligo until the band found Chad Smith. In addition to playing guitars for Red hot Chili Peppers Frusciante also contributed to the band “The Mars Volta” as a vocalist for some time. From September 2004, the Red Hot Chili Peppers started recording the album “Stadium Arcadium”. The album contains 28 tracks and was released on May 5 2006. It includes a track of the song “Hump de Bump”, which was composed in January 26, 2004. The critic Crian Hiatt defined the album as "the most ambitious work in his twenty-three-year career". On August 11 (2006) the band gave a live performance in Portland, Oregon (US), featuring songs from Stadium Arcadium and other albums. gs from Stadium Arcadium and other albums. |
| ESWC2010 Tutorial 2 - Extreme Design (XD): Pattern-based Ontology Design/Hands-on with Content ODPs - Music industry example + | Develop an OWL ontology starting from the … Develop an OWL ontology starting from the below use case. Note that the text is only there to help you understand the domain and the context of the ontology, but the actual modelling requirements are the competency questions and the contextual statement. '''Note:''' Treat the CQs and the contextual statement as the requirements of your model. The result of your modelling should represent these, but also conform to the modelling "best practices" that have been taught in the course, e.g. appropriate naming of concepts. Use the XD methodology as a guideline for your work, and the steps you should perform. '''Context''' An online music database wishes to semantically represent their data about musicians, albums, and performances, in order to be able to provide better search functions to their users, i.e. by querying the knowledge base instead of using keyword queries. Below is an example of what they typically would like to store, and at the bottom you find the competency questions developed as requirements for the ontology. '''Story: music and bands''' The current configuration of the “Red Hot Chili Peppers” are: Anthony Kiedis (vocals), Flea (bass, trumpet, keyboards, and vocals), John Frusciante (guitar), and Chad Smith (drums). The line-up has changed a few times during they years, Frusciante replaced Hillel Slovak in 1988, and when Jack Irons left the band he was briefly replaced by D.H. Peligo until the band found Chad Smith. In addition to playing guitars for Red hot Chili Peppers Frusciante also contributed to the band “The Mars Volta” as a vocalist for some time. From September 2004, the Red Hot Chili Peppers started recording the album “Stadium Arcadium”. The album contains 28 tracks and was released on May 5 2006. It includes a track of the song “Hump de Bump”, which was composed in January 26, 2004. The critic Crian Hiatt defined the album as "the most ambitious work in his twenty-three-year career". On August 11 (2006) the band gave a live performance in Portland, Oregon (US), featuring songs from Stadium Arcadium and other albums. '''Competency questions (CQs) and contextual statements of music and bands''' 1. What instruments does a certain person play? 2. What are the members of a certain band during a certain time period? 3. What role does a certain person have in a certain band during a certain time? 4. During what time period was a certain album recorded? 5. How many tracks does a particular album contain? 6. When was a certain album released? 7. What song is a specific track a recording of? 8. When was a certain song composed? 9. What does a certain critic say about a certain album? 10. When did a certain performance take place? 11. What songs were played in a certain performance? 12. Where did a certain performance take place? 13. In what region is a certain city located? 14. In what country is a certain region located? '''Contextual statement:''' 1. An album always contains at least one track. '''XD Methodology - reminder''' Relevant tasks for the exercise are in bold face. * Task 1 – Familiarize with the domain and task * Task 2 – Collect requirements stories * Task 3 – Select a story * Task 4 – Transform the story into CQs * '''Task 5 – Select a CQ''' * '''Task 6 – Match CQs to GUCs of [[Submissions:ContentOPs |Content ODPs]]''' * '''Task 7 – Select the Content ODPs to reuse''' * '''Task 8 – Reuse and integrate selected Content ODPs''' ** Import ** Specialize ** Extend ** Integrate * '''Task 9 – Test and fix (run SPARQL queries with test instances)''' * Task 10 – Release module * '''Task 11 – Integrate, test and fix''' * Task 12 – Release new version of the ontology k 12 – Release new version of the ontology |
| EXtreme Design (XD): Pattern-based Ontology Design/XD Hands-on + | '''Context''' Tourist information about c … '''Context''' Tourist information about cities: A company providing a tourism web portal would like to semantically represent all their information about cities in Europe. Following is a typical description of the kind of information that is present in the portal, and that should be contained in (and queried from) the knowledge base. '''Scenario''' Rome is the capital of Italy, it is located in the Lazio region. Rome has two airports. Fiumincino airport is served by Alitalia flights, while Ciampino is served by Ryanair and Wizzair. Rome has several train stations, the main station is Termini located in the center of Rome, but there are also the Trastevere station in the west part of Rome (the Trastevere district), and Tiburtina in the south east. When getting around in Rome by public transport there are buses, trams and a metro with two lines (A and B). The metro lines A and B run until 00.30, and resume at 5.30 in the morning. In Rome you can stay in a hotel. Hotels have different ratings (from five to one star), and rates within a price range. Price ranges of the hotels differ depending on the time of the year that you decide to visit Rome. Rome is full of sights, such as churches, monuments and museums. Popular churches are St Peters and the Pantheon, and the a monument is the Colosseum. To enter the Colosseum there is a fee of 12 EUR for adults, a fee of 7,50 EUR for EU citizens below the age of 24 and free entrance for EU citizens below 18 years old. There are organised tours to see the sights of Rome, either on foot starting from the Pantheon or by bus leaving from the Termini station, with different starting times on different weekdays. Rome also has numerous museums. Museums are generally closed on Mondays, but the Vatican Museums are instead closed on Sundays. While in Rome a visitor should take the opportunity to visit one of the many events taking place there during different periods, such as theater and opera performances, and concerts. During September and October 2009 the Teatro Roma offers two theater shows each evening. The play in this period is the "Merchant of Venice", written by Shakespeare in 1598, given through an ensemble of well-known actors. During the second and third week of September the role of Shylock is played by Arnold Schwarzenegger as a special guest actor. There are a number of travel guides available for Rome, many of them are available in several formats, for example as a guidebook or on a CD. Maps of Rome can also be found in paper format or in an electronic format. '''Problem divided into sub-parts''' # Rome is the capital of Italy, it is located in the Lazio region. # Rome has two airports. Fiumincino airport is served by Alitalia flights, while Ciampino is served by Ryanair and Wizzair. Rome has several train stations, the main station is Termini located in the center of Rome, but there are also the Trastevere station in the west part of Rome (the Trastevere district), and Tiburtina in the south east. # When getting around in Rome by public transport there are buses, trams and a metro with two lines (A and B). The metro lines A and B run until 00.30, and resume at 5.30 in the morning. # In Rome you can stay in a hotel. Hotels have different ratings (from five to one star), and rates within a price range. Price ranges of the hotels differ depending on the time of the year that you decide to visit Rome. # Rome is full of sights, such as churches, monuments and museums. Popular churches are St Peters and the Pantheon, and the a monument is the Colosseum. To enter the Colosseum there is a fee of 12 EUR for adults, a fee of 7,50 EUR for EU citizens below the age of 24 and free entrance for EU citizens below 18 years old. # There are organised tours to see the sights of Rome, either on foot starting from the Pantheon or by bus leaving from the Termini station, with different starting times on different weekdays. # Rome also has numerous museums. Museums are generally closed on Mondays, but the Vatican Museums are instead closed on Sundays. # While in Rome a visitor should take the opportunity to visit one of the many events taking place there during different periods, such as theater and opera performances, and concerts. During September and October 2009 the Teatro Roma offers two theater shows each evening. # The play in this period is the "Merchant of Venice", written by Shakespeare in 1598, given through an ensemble of well-known actors. During the second and third week of September the role of Shylock is played by Arnold Schwarzenegger as a special guest actor. # There are a number of travel guides available for Rome, many of them are available in several formats, for example as a guidebook or on a CD. Maps of Rome can also be found in paper format or in an electronic format. n paper format or in an electronic format. |
| Extreme Design (XD): Pattern-based Ontology Design/Hands-on session K-CAP tutorial + | '''Context''' Tourist information about c … '''Context''' Tourist information about cities: A company providing a tourism web portal would like to semantically represent all their information about cities in Europe. Following is a typical description of the kind of information that is present in the portal, and that should be contained in (and queried from) the knowledge base. '''Scenario''' Rome is the capital of Italy, it is located in the Lazio region. Rome has two airports. Fiumincino airport is served by Alitalia flights, while Ciampino is served by Ryanair and Wizzair. Rome has several train stations, the main station is Termini located in the center of Rome, but there are also the Trastevere station in the west part of Rome (the Trastevere district), and Tiburtina in the south east. When getting around in Rome by public transport there are buses, trams and a metro with two lines (A and B). The metro lines A and B run until 00.30, and resume at 5.30 in the morning. In Rome you can stay in a hotel. Hotels have different ratings (from five to one star), and rates within a price range. Price ranges of the hotels differ depending on the time of the year that you decide to visit Rome. Rome is full of sights, such as churches, monuments and museums. Popular churches are St Peters and the Pantheon, and a popular monument is the Colosseum. To enter the Colosseum there is a fee of 12 EUR for adults, a fee of 7,50 EUR for EU citizens below the age of 24 and free entrance for EU citizens below 18 years old. There are organised tours to see the sights of Rome, either on foot starting from the Pantheon or by bus leaving from the Termini station, with different starting times on different weekdays. Rome also has numerous museums. Museums are generally closed on Mondays, but the Vatican Museums are instead closed on Sundays. While in Rome a visitor should take the opportunity to visit one of the many events taking place there during different periods, such as theater and opera performances, and concerts. During September and October 2009 the Teatro Roma offers two theater shows each evening. The play in this period is the "Merchant of Venice", written by Shakespeare in 1598, given through an ensemble of well-known actors. During the second and third week of September the role of Shylock is played by Arnold Schwarzenegger as a special guest actor. There are a number of travel guides available for Rome, many of them are available in several formats, for example as a guidebook or on a CD. Maps of Rome can also be found in paper format or in an electronic format. '''Problem divided into sub-parts''' # Rome is the capital of Italy, it is located in the Lazio region. # Rome has two airports. Fiumincino airport is served by Alitalia flights, while Ciampino is served by Ryanair and Wizzair. Rome has several train stations, the main station is Termini located in the center of Rome, but there are also the Trastevere station in the west part of Rome (the Trastevere district), and Tiburtina in the south east. # When getting around in Rome by public transport there are buses, trams and a metro with two lines (A and B). The metro lines A and B run until 00.30, and resume at 5.30 in the morning. # In Rome you can stay in a hotel. Hotels have different ratings (from five to one star), and rates within a price range. Price ranges of the hotels differ depending on the time of the year that you decide to visit Rome. # Rome is full of sights, such as churches, monuments and museums. Popular churches are St Peters and the Pantheon, and a popular monument is the Colosseum. To enter the Colosseum there is a fee of 12 EUR for adults, a fee of 7,50 EUR for EU citizens below the age of 24 and free entrance for EU citizens below 18 years old. # There are organised tours to see the sights of Rome, either on foot starting from the Pantheon or by bus leaving from the Termini station, with different starting times on different weekdays. # Rome also has numerous museums. Museums are generally closed on Mondays, but the Vatican Museums are instead closed on Sundays. # While in Rome a visitor should take the opportunity to visit one of the many events taking place there during different periods, such as theater and opera performances, and concerts. During September and October 2009 the Teatro Roma offers two theater shows each evening. # The play in this period is the "Merchant of Venice", written by Shakespeare in 1598, given through an ensemble of well-known actors. During the second and third week of September the role of Shylock is played by Arnold Schwarzenegger as a special guest actor. # There are a number of travel guides available for Rome, many of them are available in several formats, for example as a guidebook or on a CD. Maps of Rome can also be found in paper format or in an electronic format. n paper format or in an electronic format. |
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| Legal Ontology Design/LegalPersonExercise + | To model one of the following sentences by … To model one of the following sentences by reusing content patterns. Each sentence is associated to a set of compentency questions that target legal concepts: * '''s1''': FIAT (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino) was founded in Turin in 1899 by Bricherasio, Goria, Biscaretti, Ferrero, Ceriana-Mayneri, Racca, Scarfiotti, Damerino, Agnelli and the Bank di Sconto e Sete. * '''instance-free s1''': # Legal persons are founded by persons (legal or physical) with legal capacity. # Legal persons are founded at a certain point in time. # Legal persons are founded at a location. * '''s1 competency questions''' ** '''cq1''': Who founded a legal person? ** '''cq2''': When was a legal person founded? ** '''cq3''': Where was a legal person founded? * '''s2''': The deed of constitution of FIAT, showing the Savoy coat of arms and the original company name on its cover, was drafted by the public notary Ernesto Torretta, signed by all the founders, and registered on the 11th July 1899. * '''instance-free s2''': # Legal persons are created by a deed of constitution. # A deed of constitution shows text and pictures. # A deed of constitution is drafted by a public notary. # A deed of constitution is signed by the founder persons at a certain point in time. * '''s2 competency questions''' ** '''cq4''': Who signed the deed of constitution of a certain legal person? ** '''cq5''': What is shown in a deed of constitution? ** '''cq6''': Who prepared a deed of constitution? ** '''cq7''': When and where was a deed signed and registered? * '''s3''': In 1902 Giovanni Agnelli was CEO of FIAT. * '''instance-free s3''': # A person is CEO of a legal person. # Persons can be CEO of a legal person during a certain time interval. * '''s3 competency questions''' ** '''cq8''': Who is CEO of a legal person? ** '''cq9''': In what time interval is someone CEO of a legal person? * '''s4''': In 1949 FIAT started producing the models 500C, 1100E and 1500E. * '''instance-free s4''': # Automotive companies produce car models. # Car models start being produced from a certain time on. * '''s4 competency questions''' ** '''cq10''': What company produces a certain car model? ** '''cq11''': When did a company start producing a certain car model? * '''s5''': In 1984 FIAT acquired Alfa Romeo for £750 billion. * '''instance-free s5''': # Legal persons acquire other legal persons at a certain time and a certain cost. * '''s5 competency questions''' ** '''cq12''': Who, when, and for how much acquired a certain legal person? how much acquired a certain legal person? |
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| NeOn 2008 Tutorial on Computational Ontologies/Music Industry Ontology + | To develop an OWL ontology starting from a … To develop an OWL ontology starting from a use case. '''Context''' The Warner Bros recording label has decided to manage its own productions by means of an ontology-driven application. They provide the designers with documents describing scenarios that informally describe the typical objects and data to be stored in the knowledge base. From this documents one story is extracted and assigned to ontology designers. '''Story for exercise 1: album production''' The “Red Hot Chili Peppers” are: Anthony Kiedis (vocals), Flea (bass, trumpet, keyboards, and vocals), John Frusciante (guitar), and Chad Smith (drums). During 2005, the band recorded the album “Stadium Arcadium”. The album contains 28 tracks and has been released in May 2006. It includes the track of the song “Hump de Bump”, which was composed in January 2004. The critic Crian Hiatt defines the album as "the most ambitious work in his twenty-three-year career". The phrase above can be simplified by transforming it into 5 sentences: * '''s1''': The “Red Hot Chili Peppers” are: Anthony Kiedis (vocals), Flea (bass, trumpet, keyboards, and vocals), John Frusciante (guitar), and Chad Smith (drums). * '''s2''': During 2005, the band recorded the album “Stadium Arcadium”. * '''s3''': The album contains 28 tracks, and has been released in May 2006. * '''s4''': It includes the track of the song “Hump de Bump”, which was composed in January 2004. * '''s5''': The critic Crian Hiatt defines the album as "the most ambitious work in his twenty-three-year career". ous work in his twenty-three-year career". |
| NeOn 2008 Tutorial on Computational Ontologies/The male nurse union representative + | To develop an OWL ontology starting from a … To develop an OWL ontology starting from a use case. '''Context''' The Italian Ministry of Health wants to monitor the roles taken by employees in hospitals, and is creating a semantic infrastructure for that purpose. The following story is typical of the facts to be represented in its knowledge base. '''Story''' Pasquale Di Gennaro is the union representative for male nurses at ''Ospedale Riunito delle Tre Valli'' in Nocera Inferiore (IT) from 2002. '''At least the following competency questions have to be covered''' * Who does represent a certain collective in a certain period? * When does a certain person play a certain role for that hospital? * For which hospital, in which city, a certain person has a certain role? * Where is a certain hospital? rtain role? * Where is a certain hospital? |
| NeOn 2008 Tutorial on Computational Ontologies/Toys and Dolls + | Design an ontology based on the following … Design an ontology based on the following sentences: * Dolls are a kind of Toy * Young women are young persons and female * A young person cannot be both a young man and a young woman * Young person are either young men or young women" * Most famous dolls are Lenore and Emily" * Young women play with some doll" * Young women play with only most famous dolls" * Young man plays at least with one toy" * Clara is a young woman" * Clara and Laura are different individuals" * Lalu is the same person as Laura" * To dress a toy is a special case of playing, where the toy is a doll" Then, complete the ontology: by adding some transitive properties by adding inverse properties ve properties by adding inverse properties |
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| Ontology Design with the NeOn Toolkit - NeOn tutorial/Mini-project + | The context of the mini-project is FAO fis … The context of the mini-project is FAO fish stock monitoring, however the stories used are modified to include appropriate modeling issues (and may thereby not be an accurate description of reality). The participants should use their own common sense while modeling, as well as treating the trainers as the customers, i.e. they can be asked for clarification. The participants will be divided into three groups, each group divides its participants internally into pairs. Negotiate solutions between modelling pairs, but also consider that tasks (stories) may be overlapping and that solutions and ideas should be discussed between the three groups. Further instructions are given in the session. * Story - Group 1 The Skipjack Tuna generally has an epipelagic habitat on less than 50m depth, and one specific resource of Skipjack Tuna can be found in water area 34. The Skipjack Tuna eats molluscs and is eaten by the Striped Marlin. The resource of Skipjack Tuna at pelagic depth in water area 34 was in 2004 observed to have the exploitation rate "moderate fishing mortality" and the exploitation state "fully exploited". The observation was made by Field Research Unit 3, which was at that time was headed by Fabio Bianchi and additionally contained the observers Aldo Gangemi and Alfio Gliozzo. Fabio is also working as a research engineer at FAO headquarters since 2002, and will in 2010 move to head a new FAO branch in Argentina responsible for fish stock monitoring in South America and the Caribbean. * Story - Group 2 The Skipjack Tuna generally has an epipelagic habitat on less than 50m depth. It lives in the tropical climatic zone and has an abundance level of "low abundance". The Skipjack Tuna is usually caught by using trawls. The ship Landsort is a trawler. Trawlers can normally be equipped with both trawls and gillnets. Bottom gillnets are commonly used in water area 34 and 31 and regular gillnets are commonly used in water areas 34, 31, and 17, by several different vessle types. Landsort has a crew of 10 people. During January 2009 the ship was operating in water area 34 but she is registered in Civitavecchia (IT). From 2008 the captain of Landsort is Claudio Baldassarre, and since 2008-09-10 an FAO observer also works on board Landsort, her name is Teodora Presutti, and she is currently responsible for fish stock monitoring in the EU and the Micronesian region. During one mission in January 2009 Teodora was replaced by Fabio Bianchi. * Story - Group 3 The Skipjack Tuna is a fish species accidentally caught by gillnets, but is usually caught by using trawls. Dolphins on the other hand are accidentally caught by trawls. During 2007 to 2009 the use of trawls was forbidden in water areas 21 and 34, since the Skipjack Tuna at this time had the conservation status "vulnerable". However, the use of gillnets is generally not allowed in the Polynesian and Caribbean regions or by the Arab Maghreb Union. Gillnets are commonly used in water areas 34, 31, and 17, by several different vessle types. The resource of Skipjack Tuna at pelagic depth in water area 34, was in 2004 observed to have the exploitation rate "moderate fishing mortality" and the exploitation state "fully exploited". Field Research Unit 3 is an FAO observation unit that during 2004 operated from two different trawlers in water areas 34 and 37. At this time the unit was headed by Fabio Binachi, but in 2006 he was replaced by Anders Andersson. 2006 he was replaced by Anders Andersson. |
| Ontology Design with the NeOn Toolkit - NeOn tutorial/Units 1 3-1 4: Basic OWL ontology design + | [Opening NTK, creating a project, creating … [Opening NTK, creating a project, creating a new ontology (Michael)] [Natural language and formal interpretation] Formal interpretation is not (only:)) an academic game It gives us a precise way to establish what we are talking about, and therefore to provide reliable automated inferences when needed. Natural language is able to describe very different types of facts with the same structure, for example: * Ahab hates Moby Dick [fact] * Captain Ahab is in command of the Pequod [fact] * Moby Dick is white [attributive fact] * The Pequod is a whaler [classification fact] * A whaler is a whaling ship [meaning fact] * Whaler is six characters long [informational fact] * Whaler is a class [formal fact] * Whales are a delicious food for Japanese people [contextual fact] * Moby Dick represents the internal fighting of Ahab's [interpretive fact] But this functionality of natural language cannot be reproduced easily for machine interpretation. The formal interpretation of OWL can help us with that. Each entity in an ontology is a web resource, and has a URI. Each fact can be expressed as a triple. [RDF exercise] basic structure: Subject-Predicate-Object ---> Let's create a new ontology "Moby Dick" * Ahab hates Moby Dick * Moby Dick is a whale If the fact includes three entities, you can embed a triple in another * { Whales are a delicious food } for Japanese people But this is not allowed in OWL. During the training we will see how to represent also such cases. As a matter of fact, you can declare any fact in RDF, even "unusual" or "abnormal" ones: * Moby Dick is white * Moby Dick is black * Moby Dick is in command of the Pequod * Ahab hates the third character of the white whale * Ahab is a class In order to limit (and to guide) the design of ontologies, OWL restricts the expressivity of RDF. No more is any triple allowed, but only those that respect the constraints of OWL formal semantics [OWL exercises: 1) types, subclasses, and inheritance] * Ahab hates Moby Dick * Ahab is a human * Moby Dick is a whale * Whale is a class * Whale is a subclass of Mammal * Whale is a subclass of AquaticOrganism * Mammal is a subclass of Vertebrate * Vertebrate is a group Notice that some inferences are now allowed: * Since Moby Dick is a whale, and whales are mammals, Moby Dick is a mammal * Since Whale is a subclass of Mammal, and Mammal is a subclass of Vertebrate, then Whale is a subclass of Vertebrate This is called inheritance. But, if modelled as in the previous exercises, the following is prevented in OWL: !* Since Moby Dick a whale, and Whale is a class, then Moby Dick is a class !* Since Mammal is a subclass of Vertebrate, and Vertebrate is a group, then Mammal is a group Lesson learnt: in OWL we must distinguish when "is a" means "type", and when it means "subclass" Tomorrow we'll see more on how to represent these cases. \\\\\changed from here on\\\\\ [OWL exercises: 2) disjointness and consistency: use Radon to check the ontology after each addition] * Whales are not humans In formal semantic languages, we can usually state when two classes are disjoint. This provides greater clarity, and works fine for "integrity checks", called "coherency" or "consistency", in ontologies Equipped with the disjointWith axiom, we can now exclude the following: !* Moby Dick is a human !* Ahab is a Whale since they would lead the ontology to an "inconsistency" and we can also exclude the following: !* Whamans are whales and humans since they would lead the ontology to an "incoherence" [OWL exercises: 3) domains, ranges, inverses, subproperties, materialization, and classification] * Whales can be food for Japanese humans * Being able to be food for something implies being able to be fed by something * Moby Dick can be food for Yukio * Hating something implies disliking it Some new inferences are now allowed: * Since Moby Dick can be food for Yukio, then Yukio can be fed by Moby Dick * Since Ahab hates Moby Dick, he dislikes it This is called materialization. * Since Yukio can be fed by Moby Dick, and (as far as we know) only Japanese humans can be fed by whales, then Yukio is a Japanese human This is called classification. But the following is prevented: (open source, disjointness etc.) !* Yukio can be food for Moby Dick Since the Web is an open world, if we say something that is not explicitly put in our axioms, we cannot exclude it, and then we have to add a new axiom, e.g.: !* Since Yukio can be food for Moby Dick, which is a whale, and whales can be food for Japanese humans, then Yukio is also a whale, while Moby Dick is also a Japanese human But this generates an inconsistency, if we had modelled JapaneseHuman as a subclass of Human, since Human and Whale are disjoint classes, and JapaneseHuman is also disjoint with Whale, for ->inheritance [OWL exercises: 4) sameness and difference] Due to open world assumption, it is important to explicitly declare if any two individuals are the same or are different (when this is known). * Moby Dick is the same as "The White Whale" * Ahab is different from Yukio The formal semantics of OWL is currently based mostly on so called "description logics". The main difference that description logics have introduced is the generalization of classes to kinds of construct that can be interpreted as a set of individuals. ---> Let's create a new ontology "Aquatic organisms" [OWL exercises: 5) boolean concepts] Firstly, "boolean" class constructors: * The class of things that are mammals and aquatic organisms * The class including aquatic mammals, fishes and crustaceans * The class of things that are not fishes [OWL exercises: 6) restrictions] Secondly, "relational" class constructors: * The class of things that only live in a marine habitat * The class of things that live in at least one marine habitat * The class of things that only live in demersal habitat * The class of things that only live in either benthic or pelagic habitat * The class of things that have taxonomic species "Monodon monoceros" [OWL exercises: 7) nominals] Thirdly, "enumerating" class constructors: * The class of the following things: demersal, benthic, and pelagic [OWL exercises: 8) equivalence and automated subsumption/classification] Differently from other conceptual modelling languages, OWL allows to state formal equivalence between two classes. Equivalence works implictly with class constructors (ontology APIs generate internal classes that are equivalent to class constructors), but equivalence can be stated explictly. ---> Let's create a new ontology "Cetaceans" * Aquatic mammals are mammals and aquatic organisms * Aquatic organisms only include aquatic mammals, fishes and crustaceans * Whales are not fishes * Demersal fishes are fishes that live in demersal habitat * Benthopelagic fishes are fishes that only live either in benthic or pelagic habitats * Narwhals are whales that have taxonomic species "Monodon monoceros" * The marine habitats are: demersal, benthic, and pelagic [OWL exercises: 9) symmetry and transitivity] Object properties can be symmetric, or transitive. "Sibling" is an example of both symmetric and transitive object property. * siblingOrder is symmetric * siblingOrder is transitive * Cetacea and Artyodactyla (classifying even-toed ungulates) are sibling orders of superorder Laurasiatheria * Within Cetacea, Monodon monoceros is a sibling species of Orcynus Orca, which is a sibling species of Balaenoptera musculus (blue whale) [OWL exercises: 10) imports] * Everything that is true of Cetaceans ontology is true for Moby Dick ontology ns ontology is true for Moby Dick ontology |
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| PhD Course on Computational Ontologies @ University of Bologna 2011/Collaborative eXtreme Design + | Students are divided into two groups. Each … Students are divided into two groups. Each group is divided in pairs. One group will work by applying distributed integration, the other group will work by delegating integration to a dedicated pair. Requirements are organized in customer stories with priority. Each pair develop one story at a time. '''Context''' A European federation of unions in the medial care field wants to track the activities and members of union groups at hospitals in different European countries. One particular use case is to be able to study what kind of medical research is going on at the different hospitals, and how the nurses and doctors with different backgrounds update their knowledge and continue to learn while practicing at the hospital. '''Procedure''' Follow the XD methodology. You will receive the stories from the customer (the teachers). Each design pair of each team picks up one story at a time from the customer. The stories are ordered according to priority, and have to be implemented in that order, i.e., all "high-priority" stories have to be covered first, before any "medium-priority" stories are picked up. '''Task''' Collaboratively develop an ontology from a set of customer stories by applying the XD method. ustomer stories by applying the XD method. |
| PhD Course on Computational Ontologies @ University of Bologna 2011/Creating CQs + | '''Context''' Tourist information about c … '''Context''' Tourist information about cities: A company providing a tourism web portal would like to semantically represent all their information about cities in Europe. Following is a typical description of the kind of information that is present in the portal, and that should be contained in (and queried from) the knowledge base. '''Scenario''' Rome is the capital of Italy, it is located in the Lazio region. Rome has two airports. Fiumincino airport is served by Alitalia flights, while Ciampino is served by Ryanair and Wizzair. Rome has several train stations, the main station is Termini located in the center of Rome, but there are also the Trastevere station in the west part of Rome (the Trastevere district), and Tiburtina in the south east. When getting around in Rome by public transport there are buses, trams and a metro with two lines (A and B). The metro lines A and B run until 00.30, and resume at 5.30 in the morning. In Rome you can stay in a hotel. Hotels have different ratings (from five to one star), and rates within a price range. Price ranges of the hotels differ depending on the time of the year that you decide to visit Rome. Rome is full of sights, such as churches, monuments and museums. Popular churches are St Peters and the Pantheon, and a monument is the Colosseum. To enter the Colosseum there is a fee of 12 EUR for adults, a fee of 7,50 EUR for EU citizens below the age of 24 and free entrance for EU citizens below 18 years old. There are organised tours to see the sights of Rome, either on foot starting from the Pantheon or by bus leaving from the Termini station, with different starting times on different weekdays. Rome also has numerous museums. Museums are generally closed on Mondays, but the Vatican Museums are instead closed on Sundays. While in Rome a visitor should take the opportunity to visit one of the many events taking place there during different periods, such as theater and opera performances, and concerts. During September and October 2009 the Teatro Roma offers two theater shows each evening. The play in this period is the "Merchant of Venice", written by Shakespeare in 1598, given through an ensemble of well-known actors. During the second and third week of September the role of Shylock is played by Arnold Schwarzenegger as a special guest actor. There are a number of travel guides available for Rome, many of them are available in several formats, for example as a guidebook or on a CD. Maps of Rome can also be found in paper format or in an electronic format. '''Problem divided into sub-parts''' # Rome is the capital of Italy, it is located in the Lazio region. # Rome has two airports. Fiumincino airport is served by Alitalia flights, while Ciampino is served by Ryanair and Wizzair. Rome has several train stations, the main station is Termini located in the center of Rome, but there are also the Trastevere station in the west part of Rome (the Trastevere district), and Tiburtina in the south east. # When getting around in Rome by public transport there are buses, trams and a metro with two lines (A and B). The metro lines A and B run until 00.30, and resume at 5.30 in the morning. # In Rome you can stay in a hotel. Hotels have different ratings (from five to one star), and rates within a price range. Price ranges of the hotels differ depending on the time of the year that you decide to visit Rome. # Rome is full of sights, such as churches, monuments and museums. Popular churches are St Peters and the Pantheon, and a monument is the Colosseum. To enter the Colosseum there is a fee of 12 EUR for adults, a fee of 7,50 EUR for EU citizens below the age of 24 and free entrance for EU citizens below 18 years old. # There are organised tours to see the sights of Rome, either on foot starting from the Pantheon or by bus leaving from the Termini station, with different starting times on different weekdays. # Rome also has numerous museums. Museums are generally closed on Mondays, but the Vatican Museums are instead closed on Sundays. # While in Rome a visitor should take the opportunity to visit one of the many events taking place there during different periods, such as theater and opera performances, and concerts. During September and October 2009 the Teatro Roma offers two theater shows each evening. # The play in this period is the "Merchant of Venice", written by Shakespeare in 1598, given through an ensemble of well-known actors. During the second and third week of September the role of Shylock is played by Arnold Schwarzenegger as a special guest actor. # There are a number of travel guides available for Rome, many of them are available in several formats, for example as a guidebook or on a CD. Maps of Rome can also be found in paper format or in an electronic format. n paper format or in an electronic format. |
| PhD Course on Computational Ontologies @ University of Bologna 2011/Nurse representative + | To develop an OWL ontology starting from a … To develop an OWL ontology starting from a use case. '''Context''' The Italian Ministry of Health wants to monitor the roles taken by employees in hospitals, and is creating a semantic infrastructure for that purpose. The following story is typical of the facts to be represented in its knowledge base. '''Story''' Pasquale Di Gennaro is the union representative for male nurses at ''Ospedale Riunito delle Tre Valli'' in Nocera Inferiore (IT) from 2002. '''At least the following competency questions have to be covered''' * Who does represent a certain collective in a certain period? * When does a certain person play a certain role for that hospital? * For which hospital, in which city, a certain person has a certain role? * Where is a certain hospital? rtain role? * Where is a certain hospital? |
| PhD Course on Computational Ontologies @ University of Bologna 2011/Ontology Testing + | The aim of ontology testing is to make sur … The aim of ontology testing is to make sure that the ontology actually fulfills its requirements, both concrete functional requirements (such as the CQs and any reasoning requirements) and non-functional requirements, e.g. quality attributes. This exercise puts you in the role of the "tester", who should verify the requirements and find any mistakes or problems in the ontology. For this exercise your will be divided into two groups. The goal of both groups is to find as many mistakes, or problems, as possible in a set of ontologies. However, in order to have a more interesting discussion after the exercise, you will do it in two different ways. One group gets to invent their own testing methods, while the other group gets to try out three specific methods. After the exercise we will compare the results, discuss, and of course both groups will get an introduction to all the methods. Each group finds all the instructions needed when clicking on the respective link below (but please click only on the link for the group you belong to below). [[Training:PhD_Course_on_Computational_Ontologies_@_University_of_Bologna_2011/Ontology_Testing:Unrestricted_testing | Instructions for the group applying testing ideas freely]] [[Training:PhD_Course_on_Computational_Ontologies_@_University_of_Bologna_2011/Ontology_Testing:Method-based_testing | Instructions for the group applying a given set of testing methods]] applying a given set of testing methods]] |
| PhD Course on Computational Ontologies @ University of Bologna 2011/Toys and dolls + | Design an ontology based on the following … Design an ontology based on the following sentences: * Dolls are a kind of toy * Young women are young persons and female * A young person cannot be both a young man and a young woman * Young persons are either young men or young women * Most famous dolls are Lenore and Emily * Young women play with some doll * Young women play with only most famous dolls * Young men play with at least one toy * Clara is a young woman * Clara and Laura are different individuals * Lalu is the same person as Laura * To dress a toy is a special case of playing, where the toy is a doll * Only Lenore is a doll having Emily as a doll. Minnie has Emily as a doll (hint: use owl:hasKey) * Clara is sister of Lalu's, Lalu is daughter of Aldo's, therefore Clara is daughter of Aldo's * Toy is a generic class * Clara played with Emily only for one month Then, complete the ontology by adding inverse, symmetric, and transitive properties. rse, symmetric, and transitive properties. |
